Proportional voting was introduced to Japan in the 1983 House of Councillors election.
From 1983 to 1998, the vote in the proportional district of the House of Councillors had to be for a party, lists were closed.
[2][3] Unlike elections to the House of Representatives, where a proportional segment was introduced in 1996, a simultaneous dual candidacy in both the majoritarian and the proportional election is not allowed in the House of Councillors.
Below are all elected candidates with number of preference votes in bold, and runner-up plus losing incumbents if any.
For parties without any seat, the top two candidates are listed with their personal votes.