Ōshima (大島) was a steam gunboat, serving in the early Imperial Japanese Navy.

Ōshima was a steel-hulled three-masted gunboat with a triple-expansion reciprocating steam engine with two boilers driving two screws which gave her a speed of 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph).

Ōshima was laid down at the Onohama Shipyards in Kobe under direction of the Kure Naval Arsenal on 29 August 1889 and launched on 14 October 1891.

In September 1898, the Chinese reformer and journalist Liang Qichao fled to exile in Japan aboard Ōshima, which took him to Miyajima with the assistance of the Japanese government.

On 18 May 1904, under the command of Commander Hirose Katsuhiko (the elder brother of the famous Takeo Hirose) she collided in a heavy fog with the gunboat Akagi and sank in the early hours of the following morning in Liaotung Bay off of Port Arthur at position 39°01′N 121°08′E / 39.017°N 121.133°E / 39.017; 121.133.