[1] The Japanese common toad lives mainly on land, feeding on earthworms and small arthropods including ants and some species of beetle that are lamentable to other predators.

Breeding takes place in the spring when the toads congregate in shallow water bodies and long strings of eggs are laid and become tangled in underwater plants.

[3] The bigger males can always replace the smaller ones especially because amplexus is involved and the eggs need to be fertilized to suit the female's preferences.

[3] This is known as size-assortative mating which leads to male-biased operational sex ratio and in turn highly affects the male-male competition.

[3] Population density and operarional sex ratio are the two factors that contribute to how the males will compete for mating female partners.

[3] Migration to breeding ponds is important in Bufos japonicus and this process is tracked by the production levels of the oscillatory potential changes (OSC).

[9] In conclusion, the four processes that take place during the breeding season are emerging from hibernation, migration, amplexing, and ovulation in females or spermiation in males.