Jarlig

"[4] It was one of three non-fundamental law pronouncements that had the effect of regulation or ordinance, the other two being debter (a record of precedence cases for administration and judicial decisions) and billing (maxims or sayings attributed to Genghis Khan).

Ögedei Khagan prohibited the nobility from issuing gergees (tablet that gave the bearer authority to demand goods and services from civilian populations) and jarliqs in the 1230s.

Mongol leaders gave the jarliq to emissaries, travelers, monks and merchants to give them free passage, exemptions from taxes and imposts and security.

Even after 1260, the Yuan Dynasty in China still considered jarlig must be issued by only Qa'an/Khagan (Emperor) but linkji by khans (princes) of three western khanates.

preserves six jarliq, constituting the so-called Short Collection, which are considered to be translations into Russian of authentic patents issued from the Qipchaq Khanate:[citation needed] A seventh jarliq, which purports to be from Khan Özbeg to Metropolitan Peter, found in the so-called full collection, has been determined to be a sixteenth-century forgery.