[2] On May 5, 1602, Jastrowie received the town rights granted by Piotr Potulicki and confirmed by King Sigismund III Vasa.

The religious struggle in Jastrowie reached its climax in 1768 when soldiers belonging to the Polish nobleman Roskowski killed the Lutheran preacher Willich.

One of the main escape routes for surviving insurgents of the Polish November Uprising from partitioned Poland to the Great Emigration led through the town.

[3] In the 19th century, Jastrowie, then officially called Jastrow in German, became one of the most important centres of horse trade.

During World War II, the Germans operated a forced labour subcamp of the Stalag II-B prisoner-of-war camp for Allied POWs in the town.