Raised in Kilmarnock, Henderson began his career in the youth system at St Mirren;[2] he was loaned to Clyde in September 2020.
[3] He made his first team debut for St Mirren in a 1–0 Scottish Premiership defeat to Motherwell on 10 April 2021.
[4] On 30 December 2022, Henderson joined Scottish Championship side Inverness Caledonian Thistle on loan until the end of the season.
[5][6] On 30 June 2023 Henderson joined Scottish Premiership side Ross County for an undisclosed fee.
[7] In June 2024, Henderson joined Scottish Championship club Ayr United on a season-long loan deal.