Jean-Baptiste Noulet (1 May 1802 – 24 May 1890) was a French scientist and naturalist who helped to prove the archæological existence of humans and was one of the pioneers of the scientific discipline of prehistoric archaeology.

Noulet served as the director of the Natural History Museum in Toulouse from 1872, where he founded a gallery devoted to prehistory.

In the field of malacology, he issued an analytical study on the natural history of fluvial and terrestrial mollusks native to the sub-Pyrenean basin (1834).

As a botanist, he published an exhaustive volume (754 pages) on regional plants of the sub-Pyrenees, La Flore du Bassin sous-pyrénéen (1837).

In 1851, at Clermont-le-Fort, he discovered the remains of Pleistocene fauna, along with the presence of lithic artifacts, findings that seemingly proved the co-existence of Pleistocene animals with humans, and in essence, confirmed ideas that were earlier proposed by prehistorian Jacques Boucher de Perthes (1788-1868).