[4][5][6] An academic by occupation, Barrot was elected to represent the 2nd constituency of the Yvelines department in the National Assembly in 2017 with the support of La République En Marche!
[10] Barrot followed a classe préparatoire at the Lycée Henri-IV, and graduated from HEC Paris in 2007 (grande école master's programme) and 2013 (PhD).
[12] Barrot served in the Departmental Council of Haute-Loire for the canton of Yssingeaux from 2015 until his resignation in 2017, a position his father had held until 2004.
[14] He co-authored with Bénédicte Peyrol draft legislation in 2018 to combat large-scale tax evasion and avoidance schemes through dividend stripping in the wake of the CumEx Files revelations.
[17] He eventually succeeded Yann Wehrling as Secretary General of the Democratic Movement in December 2018, serving until July 2022 under the leadership of party president François Bayrou.
[4][5] He won a by-election in October 2022, triggered by the resignation of his substitute Anne Grignon—who had been representing him in the National Assembly after he joined the government—due to a legal incompatibility related to her eligibility.
Barrot was appointed Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs in the government of Prime Minister Michel Barnier on 21 September 2024,[21] succeeding Séjourné, who had been proposed as France's new European Commissioner in Brussels by President Emmanuel Macron, within the Von der Leyen Commission II.