He was named the controller-general of finances, replacing Jean-Baptiste de Machault d'Arnouville on 20 July 1754.
He pursued a daring economic policy, bordering liberalism, while trying to straighten out the royal finances.
After suffering a stroke in March 1756, his son-in-law François Marie Peyrenc de Moras was designated by Louis XV to replace him.
The Seychelles islands, ceded to the French East India Company in 1756, were named in his honor.
His daughter Marie Hélène Moreau de Séchelles (1715-1798) married René Hérault, the lieutenant general of police of Paris.