Located in the southeastern part of the county, it borders the following townships: Parts of two villages are located in Jefferson Township: Crestline in the east, and North Robinson in the west.

Jefferson Township contains the unincorporated communities of Leesville and Middletown.

[4] It is one of twenty-four Jefferson Townships statewide.

[5] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[6] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.