[3] Located in the central part of the county, it borders the following townships and cities: Parts of several cities are located in Jefferson Township: The census-designated place of Drexel is located in the township's northeast, and the unincorporated community of New Chicago is in the township's east.

[6] In 1833, Jefferson Township contained three gristmills, three saw mills, and eight distilleries.

[7] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[8] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.

Police services are provided in the township through a contract with the Montgomery County Sheriff’s Office.