He later attended Pázmány Péter University and obtained a teacher's diploma in mathematics and physics in 1943, as well as a doctorate in humanities in 1946.

He was an intern (1941–1943) and assistant professor (1943–1946) at the Pázmány Péter University Institute of Mathematics, alongside Lipót Fejér and Béla Kerékjártó.

[7][8] In 1990, Szép founded the international scientific journal Pure Mathematics and Applications (PUMA) with professor Franco Migliorini of Università degli Studi di Siena.

In honor of his scientific activity, Szép was recognized by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, universities, and the government.

He was a visiting professor, teaching and researching for several months at Italian and Canadian universities (Rome 1961–62, Florence 1968 and 1972, Padua 1968–69, Western Ontario 1987, Salento 1988–89, and Siena 1990–2002).

Starting in 2000, Szép was the editor of the series Advances in Mathematics at Kluwer Academic Publishers and later at Springer, altogether editing 10 volumes.

[25] His original partners at the university were Béla Krekó and György Meszéna and he was later joined by graduate students with mathematical economics specialisations.

[27] Beginning in 1977, Jenő Szép served as director of the newly-organised Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science.

The department and institute created textbooks and case studies alongside a series of mathematical handbooks.

[28][29] The University of Siena Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics organized a symposium in honor of Jenő Szép in February 2005, a few months after his death.

The Department of Mathematics and Operation Research at Corvinus University named a room in the Sóház Building in his honour on June 4, 2008.

The inclusion is an expression of the Hungarian nation's appreciation, respect, and gratitude and also provides legal protection to prevent the grave from being dismantled.