Jeong was born in Ulsan and began playing football while in the fifth grade at Seobu Elementary School.
[3] Jeong was selected by Seoul WFC in the second round of the 2011 WK League rookie draft, signing a three-year contract with the team.
[5][6] Ahead of the 2016 season, she transferred to Icheon Daekyo, where she played as a central defender alongside Park Eun-seon.
[8] Before the start of the 2020 season, she suffered a torn ligament in her left knee, requiring three surgeries and leaving her unable to play football for a year.
[9] Jeong played ten matches for the South Korea U20 team between 2008 and 2010 and was a member of the squad that finished third in the 2010 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.