Holiest sites in Islam
[2] While the significance of most places typically varies depending on the Islamic sect, there is a consensus across all mainstream branches of the religion that affirms two cities as having the highest degree of holiness, in descending order: Mecca, and Medina.
[18] Hajj is one of the largest annual Muslim gatherings in the world, second only to pilgrimages to the mosques of Husayn ibn Ali and his half-brother Abbas in Karbala, Iraq, with attendance reaching three million in 2012.
The compound is held in esteem by the entire Muslim community, due to its history as a place of worship by many prophets such as Ibrahim (Abraham),[7] Dawud (David), Sulayman (Solomon), Ilyas (Elijah) and Isa (Jesus).
[10][28] The head of John the Baptist, revered in Islam as the prophet Yahya, is believed to be in a shrine inside the mosque, which also houses one of only four authorized original copies of the Quran.
[29] The mosque also holds special importance to Shia Muslims since it contains shrines commemorating Husayn ibn Ali and the Ahl al-Bayt, made to walk there from Iraq, after the Battle of Karbala.
[32][33][34] Muslims believe that Muhammad visited Hebron on his nocturnal journey from Mecca to Jerusalem to stop by the tomb and pay his respects.
[44] As for the adjacent Wād Ṭuwā (Valley of Tuwa), it is considered as being muqaddas[45][46] (sacred),[47][48] and a part of it is called Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah ("The Blessed Place").
It wasn't until the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid reportedly discovered the grave during a hunting expedition in the 8th century that a shrine was built at the site.
[71] The Safavid dynasty in the 16th century also played a crucial role in further developing the site, adding ornate decorations, and expanding the mosque complex.
The interior is lavishly decorated with Persian carpets, chandeliers, and intricate stucco work, reflecting the rich artistic heritage of the region.
Every year, millions of devotees travel to Najaf to pay their respects, particularly during significant religious occasions such as the anniversaries of Ali's birth and martyrdom, as well as the Arbaeen pilgrimage.
Its history, architecture, and the immense reverence it commands make it a central pillar of Shia Islam and a testament to the enduring legacy of Imam Ali.
It commemorates the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, who was killed in the Battle of Karbala on the 10th of Muharram in the year 680 AD.
The battle took place on the plains of Karbala, and Husayn’s stand against Yazid’s oppressive regime has since been revered as a symbol of resistance and martyrdom in Shia Islam.
The central dome is adorned with gold-plated tiles, and the interior features elaborate mirror work, mosaics, and calligraphy that depict verses from the Quran and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad and the Imams.
[87] The main courtyard, known as the Sahan, is surrounded by arched porticos and is a place where pilgrims gather to offer prayers and recite elegies.
The shrine also includes a museum that houses artifacts related to Husayn ibn Ali and the Battle of Karbala, as well as a library with a vast collection of Islamic manuscripts and texts.
The annual Arbaeen pilgrimage, which marks the end of the 40-day mourning period for Husayn ibn Ali, draws millions of visitors from around the world.
[88] The Imam Husayn Shrine continues to be a beacon of faith, drawing millions of devotees who seek solace, inspiration, and a deeper connection to their religious heritage.
Abbas is revered for his loyalty and bravery, and his shrine is one of the holiest sites for Shia Muslims, attracting millions of pilgrims, especially during the annual commemoration of Arba'een.
He played a crucial role in the Battle of Karbala, where he met his martyrdom while attempting to fetch water for the thirsty children and companions of Husayn.
The Abbas Ibn Ali Shrine is an architectural marvel, featuring a grand golden dome and two towering minarets, which are visible from miles away.
The central hall, where the tomb is located, is lavishly decorated with intricate tile work, mirror mosaics, and Arabic calligraphy depicting verses from the Quran and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad and the Imams.
His shrine is a focal point of pilgrimage, particularly during the annual Arbaeen commemoration, which marks the end of the 40-day mourning period for Husayn ibn Ali.
The surrounding area of Karbala has developed significantly to support the influx of pilgrims, with numerous facilities, accommodations, and services dedicated to catering to the needs of visitors.
It stands as a symbol of loyalty, bravery, and the eternal struggle for justice, drawing millions of devotees who seek solace and inspiration from his exemplary life.
Jannat al-Baqi in Medina, Saudi Arabia, is a cemetery that holds the graves of several family members and companions of the Prophet Muhammad.
It was the place where Ali ibn Abi Talib, the first Shia Imam, and the fourth caliph in Sunni Islam, used to lead prayers and deliver sermons.
[96][97] Masjid Hanana in Najaf, Iraq, is believed to be a site where the head of Husayn ibn Ali rested on its way to Kufa after the Battle of Karbala.
[98] Mada'in, Iraq, is known for its historic significance and the tomb of Salman the Persian, a companion of the Prophet Muhammad and revered figure in Shia Islam.
