The Wolfenbüttel–Oschersleben railway runs through the border area of the German states of Saxony-Anhalt and Lower Saxony.

All traffic from Berlin and Central Germany ran over it to Hanover and the Ruhr area until the beginning of the 1870s.

The Duchy of Brunswick attached great importance to the fact that its area might be affected by a through railway.

A proposed east-west connection via Halle (Saale) and Kassel or another possible line from Magdeburg to Lüneburg would not have passed through the Duchy.

Thus, a continuous connection had developed from Hanover to Berlin, although initially trains had to be changed at the transition points between the railway companies.

[3] Railway stations were built in Schöppenstedt, at Kybitzdamm (now Kiebitzdamm) near Jerxheim, in Wegersleben (now Neuwegersleben) and Oschersleben.

With the completion of the Hanover–Minden railway on 16 October 1847, there was a continuous connection from Cologne to Berlin via Minden, Hanover, Brunswick, Oschersleben, Magdeburg, Köthen and Wittenberg.

It remained important for freight traffic and long-distance trains ran between Frankfurt and Berlin over the section between Jerxheim and Oschersleben.

The operations between Oschersleben and Gunsleben continued as a branch line until the early 1990s with four to six local trains per day and direction.

In 1959, material previously used for freight infrastructure was used for the construction of the Berlin outer ring and it was replaced by lighter rails.

As part of the Europe-wide tender for the Lower Saxony southeast diesel network, DB Regio was awarded the contract for the RB 45 service from December 2014 for 15 years.

With the start of operations, some improvements in the timetable were implemented as part of the Regionalbahnkonzept 2014+ (Regional Railway Concept 2014+).

In order to increase the attractiveness of the lines even without the implementation of the Stadtbahn project, the Zweckverband Großraum Braunschweig (Greater Brunswick municipal association, ZGB) sought the realisation of the Regional Railway Concept 2014+.

The operating procedure is to be switched to direct traffic control (Zugleitbetrieb nach Ril 436, ZLB).

[10] The ZGB has agreed to establish a combined platform for bus and train at the Schöppenstedt terminus, shortening transfer times.