It is believed that Jews began migrating to the Arabian Peninsula in as early as the 6th century BCE, when the Babylonian conquest of Judah triggered a mass Jewish exodus from Judea in the Land of Israel.
Likewise, Judaism, which had been introduced as one of the few monotheistic religions in the region, stood as a deviation from the typical polytheistic practices of Arabian paganism.
These Jewish tribes continued to have a presence in Arabia during the rise of Muhammad, who founded Islam in the 7th century CE.
These Judeans supposedly belonged to a brigade dispatched by King Herod to assist the Roman legions fighting in the region.
When Qusai came of age, a man from the tribe of Banu Khuza'a named Hulail (Hillel) was the trustee of the Kaaba, and the Na'sa (Nasi)—authorized to calculate the calendar.
As they refused to renounce their faith, he executed their chief, Harith ibn Kaleb, and three hundred and forty chosen men.
[15] In the Constitution of Medina, Jews were given equality to Muslims in exchange for political loyalty[16][17] and were allowed to practice their own culture and religion.
The Rabbi was from Banu Nadir and fought alongside Muslims at the Battle of Uhud and bequeathed his entire wealth to Muhammad in the case of his death.