The traditional homelands of the Jicarilla Apache (Tinde) were located in the northeast and eastern regions of New Mexico.

The Jicarilla Apache expanded over the Texas and Oklahoma panhandles and into the southeast section of Colorado and southwest corner of Kansas.

The Jicarilla Apache went through multiple battles that led them to leave this homeland and were forced to relocate on a reservation in present day Dulce, NM.

In 2003, the Jicarilla Apache Nation became the first Tribe in New Mexico to certify community members to teach a Native American language.

The short back vowel is higher than its long and nasal counterparts ([ʊ] vs. [oː, õ, õː]).

The short low vowel is higher than its long and nasal counterparts ([ə] vs. [aː, ã, ãː]).

"Báayoo" (from ‘paño’ ‘scarf’) "Bíił" (from ‘automóvil’ ‘automobile’) "Bołdóon" (from ‘bulto’ ‘small haystack’) "Gołjóon" (from ‘colchón’ ‘mattress’) (Observations from entries in Pono, et al., p. 9-16)