James Henry Gardner (May 21, 1881 – November 6, 1940) was a Canadian ice hockey player and coach.

Gardner helped found the NHA, the predecessor of today's National Hockey League, and the Canadiens, including suggesting the team name.

Gardner's playing career started with Montreal Hockey Club amateur men's team of the Canadian Amateur Hockey League in 1900, where he played until 1903, winning the Stanley Cup twice, in 1902 and 1903 as one of the 'Little Men of Iron'.

Gardner is credited with helping to found the Montreal Canadiens in 1909, including its name.

O'Brien, whose family controlled railway and mining business, underwrote both the new league and the Canadiens franchise.