His ascent to the Premiership was supported and engineered by Cao Kun and Zhang Zuolin, as he was the leader of an Anfu Club faction rival to Xu Shichang.

[2] A political crisis began in February 1920 when Zhao Ti, the military governor of Henan nominally allied with the Anhui Clique but neutral with the Zhili Clique, was attempted to be replaced with Wu Guangxin, a relative of Duan Qirui.

[3] When Parliament opened in March, Jin reformed a parliamentary group to oppose the Anfu Club, getting the membership of about 100 MPs.

[4] During his first tenure as Premier, his government was plagued with financial woes; as such, he prepared to resign in May 1920.

[6] In December 1921, having been made Premier once again, he resigned again;[7] this time, he was replaced with Liang Shiyi.