Jisha-ryō

[2] However, by the late 11th century, income from the court-issued vassal households was ceased, and powerful shrines and temples reorganized themselves to become economically self-reliant and independent from the central government.

They were granted the right of tax exemption and the right of no-entry by outside authorities (funyū no ken), and sent their clergyman to govern the territory as a daikan magistrate (azukaridokoro).

[2] In the 13th century, following the example of the Imperial family and court nobility, shrines and temples implemented a system of provincial fiefdoms with state authority.

The provincial fiefdoms were funded by national-like scale construction budgets, just like during the division of Suō Province as part of the reconstruction of Tōdai-ji temple.

[2] Since the Muromachi period, manors and provincial territories decreased, and under the Oda and Toyotomi administrations, all jisha-ryō became the target of land surveying and lost their political independence.