Joe Bailey Cheaney (December 30, 1902 – March 16, 1983) was an American football and basketball coach.

He served two stints as the head football coach at Howard Payne University in Brownwood, Texas, from 1928 to 1934, and 1946 to 1947, and one stint at Southwest Texas State University—now known was Texas State University—from 1935 to 1942, compiling a career college football coaching record of 81–62–13.

He started in football as a halfback at Howard Payne, leading the Yellow Jackets to the Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association (TIAA) title in 1924.

He also was a sprinter on the track and field team, winning the TIAA championships for three years in the 100-yard and 200-yard dashes.

This biographical article relating to a college football coach first appointed in the 1920s is a stub.