On April 3, 2014, Anderson committed to play for the USA Hockey National Team Development Program coming out of Hill-Murray School with 50 points that season.

[15] As an impending restricted free agent with the Devils, on October 10, 2020, Anderson was traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs in exchange for forward Andreas Johnsson.

[17] He was assigned to the Maple Leafs' AHL affiliate, the Toronto Marlies for the majority of the pandemic-shortened 2020–21 season, appearing in 20 games, scoring seven goals and 11 points.

[19] In his second season with the Maple Leafs in 2021–22, Anderson led the Toronto Marlies in goals with twenty-six scored in fifty-six games.

[20] During the 2022–23 season, Anderson made 14 appearances with the Maple Leafs in registering 3 points, however was unable to solidify a forward role on the team and was subject to waivers on multiple occasions.

[21] He finished the season playing in 24 games for Chicago, registering four goals and six points on a line with Jujhar Khaira and Boris Katchouk.

[22] In the offseason, Anderson signed a one-year, two-way contract with Chicago after impressing the Blackhawks' front office with his forechecking ability.

[27] The following year, Anderson was named the captain of Team USA for the 2018 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.