Johann Köler (8 March 1826 – 22 April 1899) was a leader of the Estonian national awakening and a painter.

Johann Köler was born as the seventh child to a peasant family in Lubjassaare farmstead in Wast (present-day Ivaski), Viljandi County.

Despite the poverty of the parents Köler managed to attend the elementary and the district schools in Fellin (present-day Viljandi), Livonia.

From 1862 to 1874 he was a teacher of the Grand Duchess Maria Aleksandrovna, the daughter of Czar Alexander II.

He also was a friend of the journalist Carl Robert Jakobson, one of the authors of the idea of the Estonian self-determination.

Eesti Post issued a commemorative postage stamp celebrating the 175th anniversary of his birth in 2001.