Originating from the old Austrian aristocracy, born into the House of Lamberg, he was son of Count Johann Maximilian von Lamberg-Steyr (1608-1682) (reputable diplomat who was a member of the delegation of the Holy Roman Empire when negotiating the Westphalian Peace) and his wife Countess Judith Rebecca Eleonore von Wrbna und Freudenthal (1612-1690).
Johann Philipp studied philosophy, law, and political science in Vienna, Steyr, and Passau.
On 11 January 1690 the papal confirmation followed, and on 14 May 1690 the bishop's ordination by the Archbishop of Kalocsa, Leopold Karl von Kollonitsch.
In 1697 he went as an imperial emissary to Warsaw, where he helped to arrange the election of Elector Frederick Augustus of Saxony as the king of Poland–Lithuania.
[citation needed] At the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession in 1702, he succeeded in the Perpetual Diet of Regensburg by declaring a Reichskrieg against France and the Reichsacht (imperial ban) against Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria and his brother, Archbishop-Elector Joseph Clemens of Cologne.