John Bissell Carroll (June 5, 1916 – July 1, 2003) was an American psychologist known for his contributions to psychology,[1] linguistics[2] and psychometrics.

[1][4] Carroll studied at Wesleyan University, majoring in classics and graduating summa cum laude in 1937.

The project grew out of the US Army's requests for a way to identify people who could easily learn foreign languages for training purposes.

Carroll received a grant for foreign language learning aptitude research through the Carnegie Corporation and worked with Stanley Sapon and the US Army-Air Force to develop the MLAT.

Carroll's paper influenced the design of the Test of English as a Foreign Language, or TOEFL, which combined both discrete-point and integrative methods for the assessment.

In 1994, he was one of 52 signatories on Mainstream Science on Intelligence, a public statement written by Linda Gottfredson and published in the Wall Street Journal as a response to what the authors viewed as inaccurate and misleading reports made by the media regarding academic consensus on the results of intelligence research in the wake of the appearance of The Bell Curve earlier the same year.