John Crawford Chaney (February 1, 1853 – April 26, 1940) was an American lawyer and politician who served two terms as a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1905 to 1909.

Chaney was born near Lisbon, Ohio in 1854, and later moved to Lafayette Township, Indiana, with his parents, who settled on a farm near Fort Wayne.

He attended the common schools, graduating first from Ascension Seminary, Farmersburg, Indiana, in 1874 and later from the Terre Haute Commercial College.

In July 1889, he was appointed by President Harrison as assistant to the Attorney General in the Department of Justice, serving in that position until August 1893, when he resigned and resumed the practice of law.

This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress