John Calhoun Phillips (November 13, 1870 – June 25, 1943) was an American politician who served as the third governor of the state of Arizona from January 7, 1929, to January 5, 1931.

He moved to Arizona in 1898 where he practiced private law while at the same time working as a construction worker to earn a living.

He was instrumental in the creation of a free county library system, the Colorado River Commission, the State Bureau of Criminal Identification and the Arizona Game and Fish Department.

During his governorship, he refused to raise the salary for the state judges for political reasons.

Phillips died in 1943 from a heart attack while fishing on Lake Mary near Flagstaff, Arizona.