John Clum

[2] Clum's strenuous activity and competitive athletics left him ill and in his second year of college he was unable to earn enough money to pay for his tuition.

Clum read in a newspaper story that the federal War Department in Washington, D.C. was organizing a meteorological service.

Mary died on Dec. 18, 1880, in Tombstone, Arizona, of fever, about one week after giving birth to a daughter named Bessie.

Some Indian agents sought the position only as a means to line their own pocket, selling government-supplied food and clothing and keeping the profits for themselves.

[2] The office was very political, as the military commanders and civilian agents competed for control over the reservation and the money associated with the responsibility.

The Army disliked Clum's actions, as it prevented them from raking off part of the funds that passed through the reservation.

[11] Clum tired of the Army's constant meddling in his management of the reservation and the lack of support from the Indian Bureau, the very people who a short time previously had sought him out specifically as a man who would make a good Agent.

Governor Pesqueira of Sonora complained bitterly about the raids, and General Crook tried to figure out how to force the relocation of the raiders to the San Carlos Reservation.

Thomas J. Jeffords, who was Indian Agent to the reservation, lost influence when Cochise died on June 8, 1874.

In 1876 Jeffords was relieved of his responsibility and on May 3 the government ordered Clum to transfer the Chiricahuas to San Carlos.

[15] After waiting in vain for military reinforcements to help with the move, Clum began relocating the tribe in early June.

Of the more than 1,000 Chiricahuas enumerated in Jeffords' infrequent censuses, only 42 men and 280 women and children accompanied Clum north.

In April 1877 the Interior Department ordered Clum to remove the bands at Ojo Caliente to San Carlos as well.

Clum hid 100 of his Apache police in the commissary building at Ojo Caliente and on April 21, 1877, they surprised Geronimo, seizing his rifle and throwing him in shackles.

Clum's success gave the US Army a black eye; it was the only time Geronimo was captured at gunpoint without a shot fired on either side.

A total of 453 Chiricahuas, 100 from Geronimo's band and the rest under Victorio, reached San Carlos in late May.

Faced with superior officers who strongly disagreed with his methods, dogged by an uncaring Indian Bureau administration and under constant harassment by the Army, Clum was frustrated.

Two months later, Victorio, Loco, and 308 other Chiricahuas bolted for New Mexico, killing twelve ranchers before surrendering at Fort Wingate in early October.

[18]: 117 [19] After the gun battle of October 26, 1881 in a vacant lot adjacent to the home and studio of photographer Camillus S. Fly, Ike Clanton filed murder charges and after a month-long preliminary hearing, Justice of the Peace Wells Spicer ruled the men had acted within the law.

"[21]Clum's friendship with the Earps and loyalty to the business leadership made him a target for the outlaw Cochise County Cowboys.

On December 14, Clum was on a stagecoach to Benson to catch a train for Washington, D.C., where he planned to spend Christmas with his parents and son.

[22] Driver Jimmie Harrington was able to outrun the attackers, but he soon had to stop to remove a lead horse that had been shot and was bleeding to death.

Clum was certain the hold-up was cover for an attempt to kill him, so didn't reboard the stage, but walked until he found a horse he could borrow.

[27] While in Nome, Alaska in the summer of 1900, Clum met his old friends, Wyatt Earp and George W. Parsons.

In the story line, Clum recruits an elite team of Apaches to aid the U.S. Cavalry in the Southwest but faces opposition within the white community.

John Clum (center) with Indians Diablo and Eskiminzin on the San Carlos Agency in 1875
John Clum (front right), Apache agent and Merejildo Grijalva, Apache captive, army scout and translator.
Cochise County, 1884
John Clum's house in Florence, Az.
John Clum with his first wife, Mary Ware. Mary "Mollie" Clum died on December 18, 1880, while the couple was living in Tombstone. She was 27 years old. Mary died shortly after giving birth to the couple's daughter, Elizabeth, a sickly child who died the following summer. [ 16 ]
Former Tombstone mayor and newspaper editor Clum with long-time friend Wyatt Earp in Nome, Alaska.
U.S. Post Office inspector John Philip Clum in 1898 on mule back visiting Alaskan post office facilities.