Joint lock

In judo, the combining of standing locks with throws is forbidden due to the risk of physical harm to the falling opponent, while Brazilian jiu-jitsu, jujutsu, taijutsu, aikido, sambo, and hapkido allow their use.

The variants involving lesser levering on a smaller joint (such as wristlocks) are often featured in law-enforcement or self-defense application, where they are used as pain compliance holds.

Common martial arts featuring joint locks include Aikido, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Catch Wrestling, Eskrima, Eagle Claw, Fu Jow Pai, Hapkido, Hung Gar, Jujutsu, Judo, Sambo, Ninjutsu, Shoot wrestling, and mixed martial arts.

They are usually practiced in a maximally safe manner, with controlled movements, and releasing the joint lock once it is apparent that it has been effectively applied.

Armlocks are generally considered safer, while small joint manipulation and spinal locks are banned in nearly all combat sports.