[1] He made his professional debut that season for the Dominican Summer League Yankees 2 and batted .255 with one home run and eight RBIs in 14 games.

In 2015, while playing for the Charleston RiverDogs and the Tampa Yankees, Mateo posted a combined .278 batting average with two home runs, 11 triples, 40 RBIs, and 82 stolen bases in 117 total games between both clubs.

[5] Mateo was ranked by Baseball America as the top Yankees minor league prospect ahead of Gary Sánchez and Aaron Judge prior to the 2016 campaign.

[8] However, on July 6, 2016, Mateo was suspended for two weeks due to violating the team's code of conduct policy, and could not participate in the Futures Game.

[5] On July 31, 2017, the Yankees traded Mateo, along with Dustin Fowler and James Kaprielian to the Oakland Athletics, in exchange for Sonny Gray.

[16] In April, Baseball America named him as having the best speed of all minor league players, ahead of Phillies outfielder Roman Quinn.

[17] That season, playing for the AAA Nashville Sounds he hit .230/.280/.353 in 470 at bats with 3 home runs, 16 triples, 45 RBIs, and 25 stolen bases while being caught 10 times.

On August 27, in the second game of a doubleheaders against the Seattle Mariners, Mateo recorded his first MLB hit on a ground rule double.

[36] He joined the team in the postseason 2023 ALDS against the Texas Rangers[37] and went 4-for-4 in Game 2, becoming just the 6th player in MLB History to get four hits while batting ninth.

In a July 23 game against the Miami Marlins, Mateo departed with an injury after colliding with Gunnar Henderson while trying to field a ground ball.