José O'Callaghan Martínez, SJ (October 7, 1922 – December 15, 2001)[1] was a Spanish Jesuit priest, papyrologist and Biblical scholar.

He was professor of the Faculty of Theology of S. Cugat del Vallés (1961–1971), Barcelona, where he founded the School of Papyri Studies (Seminario de Papirología).

Claims that the caves of the Dead Sea could hold documents of the early Christian communities were held as naive and even absurd.

O'Callaghan did not set out to look for papyri of the New Testament at Qumran, but his interest was identification of the fragments that the editors could not fully clarify.

The Spanish scholar's career was frustrated and he was practically isolated until 1982 when Prof. Carsten Peter Thiede reviewed the research of O'Callaghan.