From 2006 and 2007, Salafranca was a member of the Parliament's Temporary Committee on the alleged use of European countries by the CIA for the transport and illegal detention of prisoners.

[3] In addition to his committee assignments, Salafranca Sánchez-Neyra was a member of the European People's Party Group Bureau.

On 31 August 2015, Federica Mogherini, High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, appointed Salafranca Sánchez-Neyra as Head of the EU Delegation to Argentina.

[9] In May 2015, news media reported that Salafranca Sánchez-Neyra was included in a Russian blacklist of prominent people from the European Union who are not allowed to enter the country.

[10] On 18 February 2019, together with MEPs Esteban González Pons and Gabriel Mato Adrover, claimed that they were expelled from Venezuela as they wanted to visit Juan Guaidó.