[3] In 1778, as commander of the ship of the line San Juan Bautista, he completed hydrographic surveys in the Iberian Peninsula, contributing to the creation of a Maritime Atlas.

[4] Despite bearing some evidence of the influence of Paul Hoste and Sébastien Morogues, it was a text book for junior officers, though it could clearly have been read with profit by all alike.

[4] Meanwhile, the enemy van would have no choice but to stand on to avoid being put between two fires, and it would thus become completely separated from the remainder of the fleet.

[4] It was used in the operations against Minorca and Gibraltar, and it does not seem unreasonable that Córdova's signalling system was somewhat similar when he first joined comte d'Orvilliers in 1778.

The 400 signals for use at anchor covered not only every feature of fleet administration, as in the manner of Morogues, but also shore bombardments and landings.

Among the cargo captured were 80,000 muskets, numerous artillery pieces, 300 barrels of gunpowder, more than £1,000,000 in gold and silver, equivalent to £168,000,000 in 2023, and uniforms for more than a dozen regiments.

During those months Mazarredo, who had relieved Lángara carried out several operations in the Mediterranean Sea, one of which was the evacuation of soldiers and civilians from Roses, that was being besieged by the French.

[citation needed] Shortly after, Mazarredo had written to warn Godoy of the dangers of a Spanish naval decline, accusing the government of bad administration.

[8] Mazarredo then took command at Cadiz where a British fleet, led by Lord Jervis and Sir Horatio Nelson, appeared on 5 July and proceeded to blockade and bombard the city.

[10] This last bit of news, which presaged a joint Franco-Spanish action in the Mediterranean, should perhaps have induced Bonaparte to remain in Egypt in order to await its issue.

In June 1799, the French and Spanish fleets under Mazarredo and Bruix, amounting to forty sail of the line, and upwards of thirty frigates and smaller vessels, formed a junction at Cartagena, and on 7 July 1799 after an order sent by him, the chasing ships of his Spanish squadron captured the 18-gun hired cutter of the Royal Navy Penelope, commanded by Flag Lieutenant Frederick Maitland.

His frank bearing and firmness of character were little agreeable to the First consul, who required more flexibility in the agents employed by other powers, with greater deference to his own views and pretensions.

[14] He conducted several comparative sea trials to perfect ship-handling methods and ships' signalling routines in the San Ildefonso-class.