Josep Rovira i Canals (1902–1968) was a Catalan politician, a leader of the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (Spanish: Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista, POUM).
During the Spanish Civil War he managed to send several militia units to the Aragon front, and was arrested by the republican authorities in the context of the repression against the POUM.
He returned to Catalunya where his political ideology evolved into revolutionary socialism, so after briefly serving in the Catalan State-Proletarian Party, in January 1933 he joined the Workers and Peasants' Bloc (BOC), led by Joaquín Maurín.
In 1934 he was in charge of the direction of the weekly "L’Hora", and in October he developed a broad activity at the head of the BOC Action Groups during the Revolution of 1934.
In September 1935 the BOC merged with the Communist Left of Spain, giving rise to the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (Spanish: Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista, POUM), of which Rovira became a member of the executive committee.
The POUM was reorganized in hiding during the following period of the Spanish Civil War, with Rovira being elected a member of the clandestine Executive Committee.