[1] He was born in the same month and year as the Spanish Civil War broke out, in a working-class environment, to whose memory he always wished to remain true.

He studied at Barcelona University in the nineteen fifties, reading Pharmacy first, and, after the Students’ Movement of 1956, Arts, where he specialised in Contemporary History.

Taking Casimir Martí’s book, Orígenes del anarquismo en Barcelona (The Origins of Anarchism in Barcelona) as his guide, he began to study the workers’ movement, especially the anarchists, in Catalonia and Spain in the 19th and 20th centuries.

The First International, 1972) is a landmark, culminated shortly before his death with a voluminous work of synthesis: Història del moviment anarquista a Espanya, 1870-1980 (The History of the Anarchist Movement in Spain), L’Avenç, 2011.

His work was characterised by the desire to revise some of the interpretations that have been made of the contemporary history of Catalonia, and in particular of the bourgeois nature of Catalanism, based above all on a paper he presented in 1974 at the Historians’ Symposium on El nacionalisme català.