Joseph Cilley (1734 – August 25, 1799) was a military figure in New Hampshire during the American Revolutionary War.

At the start of the American Revolutionary War, Cilley was appointed major of the 2nd New Hampshire Regiment.

Cilley be presented with a pair of pistols as a token of this State's good intention to reward merit in a brave officer."

After the war, he was appointed major general of the 1st Division of New Hampshire Militia, June 22, 1786.

Cilley is depicted (second from left) in John Turbull's painting the Surrender of General Burgoyne, which hangs in the Rotunda of the US Capitol building.