Joseph Cilley (January 4, 1791 – September 16, 1887) was a United States senator from New Hampshire.

Joseph Cilley was severely wounded at the Battle of Lundy's Lane; he was shot through the leg by a musket ball causing a compound fracture.

He attained the brevetted rank of captain, was the quartermaster of the New Hampshire Militia in 1817, and was the division inspector in 1821.

After his military service Joseph Cilley became an aide-de-camp to Governor Benjamin Pierce in 1827.

He was interred in the general Joseph Cilley Burying Ground in Nottingham Square.