He was admitted to the bar in 1859 and became the prosecuting attorney of Martin County.
He was elected solicitor for North Carolina's second judicial district in 1868 and was re-elected to that post in 1874.
In 1878, Martin was elected to the U.S. House, defeating incumbent Democrat Jesse Johnson Yeates.
After leaving Congress, Martin returned to the practice of law in Tarboro, North Carolina; he was that town's postmaster from 1897 until his death in 1900.
Martin is buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in Williamston, his hometown.