Joseph Henry Maiden ISO (25 April 1859 – 16 November 1925) was a botanist who made a major contribution to knowledge of the Australian flora, especially the genus Eucalyptus.

These were the so-called Dieppe maps, the Rotz (1547), the Harleian or Dauphin (mid-1540s), and the Desceliers (1550), photo-lithographic reproductions of which had been published by the British Museum in 1885.

[4] This collection formed the basis for his first book, The Useful Native Plants of Australia, published in 1889,[5] in which he acknowledged his debt to the work of Ferdinand von Mueller with whom he had been in correspondence.

He published about 45 papers, and his eight-volume A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus remained a major reference for over fifty years.

[6] His other interests included reducing sand erosion, promoting wattle cultivation for the tanning industry, and control (or use) of prickly pear.

[4] He served as secretary of the (Royal) Geographical Society of Australasia, lectured in agricultural botany and forestry at the University of Sydney, and was a trustee of the Rookwood Church of England Cemetery.