Joseph Rossé (August 26, 1892 – October 24, 1951) was an Alsatian politician and autonomist, notable for his engagement in the Union Populaire Républicaine and his controversial role during and after the Second World War.

Rossé experienced professional discrimination compared to his colleagues from mainland France, particularly in salary discrepancies.

This fueled his involvement in trade unionism and later in the regionalist movement, advocating for the preservation of Alsace's linguistic and religious traditions.

Despite these setbacks, Rossé was re-elected in 1932 and again in 1936, serving as part of the Républicains du centre and later the Indépendants d'action populaire parliamentary groups.

At the outbreak of World War II, Rossé was arrested on charges of collaboration with Nazi Germany.