Josiah Thomas Walls (December 30, 1842 – May 15, 1905) was a farmer, lawyer and politician who served all or some of three terms in the United States House of Representatives between 1871 and 1876.

[3][4] When State Senator Horatio Jenkins was appointed to a county judgeship, Walls decided to run in the special election to succeed him.

In office, Walls introduced bills to establish a national education fund and aid pensioners and Seminole War Veterans.

He served as mayor of Gainesville although the exact dates are unknown; he resigned on 1 September 1873 and was succeeded by a white Republican, Watson Porter.

[7] In June 1874, Walls formed a law partnership in Gainesville with Henry S. Harmon, who had been the first African-American admitted to the bar in Florida, and William U. Saunders.

[8] Leaving politics, Walls operated a successful farm in Alachua County until the disastrous freeze of 1894–1895, which destroyed his crops.

He took a teaching position as Farm Director of the State Normal and Industrial College for Colored Students, which much later would become Florida A&M University, in Tallahassee.