Josiah William Bailey (September 14, 1873 – December 15, 1946) was an American politician who served as a U.S. senator from the state of North Carolina from 1931 to 1946.

Before turning to a career in law, Bailey was editor of the Biblical Recorder, a newspaper for North Carolina Baptists.

[1] Elected to the United States Senate in 1930, defeating longtime incumbent Furnifold McLendel Simmons, Bailey earned a reputation as a conservative while in office.

[2] That same year, Bailey gave a rousing floor speech against President Roosevelt's court-packing bill, which convinced at least three freshman Republicans, thought by Majority Leader Joe Robinson to be definite supporters, to oppose the measure.

[3] A segregationist and white supremacist, Bailey filibustered anti-lynching legislation in 1938.