Jovan Erdeljanović (11 November 1874 – 12 February 1944) was a Serbian and Yugoslav ethnologist.

He studied at the universities of Vienna, Berlin, Leipzig and Prague.

In 1906, Erdeljanović began working at the University of Belgrade, elected Professor at Department of Ethnology of the philosophical Faculty since 1922.

He remained at the University until 1941 and was member of Serbian Academy of Sciences.

[1] The first recognized work of anthropological interest in ethnicity was done by Erdeljanović, named as one of the founding fathers of Serbian ethnology.