The Juan Fernandez tit-tyrant (Anairetes fernandezianus) is an Endangered species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers.

[1][2] The members of genus Anairetes are known commonly as tit-tyrants because their active foraging behavior and crests are reminiscent of the true tits in the family Paridae.

[5] The IUCN originally in 2004 assessed the Juan Fernandez tit-tyrant as Near Threatened; in 2023 it was reassessed as Endangered.

"The species is threatened by the degradation and replacement of native vegetation through non-native plants and grazing by introduced goats and cattle.

Further threats include predation by introduced Red-backed Hawk (Geranoaetus polyosoma) from Isla Alejandro Selkirk, rats (Rattus spp.)

Forest conversion has slowed since about 2000 and "and efforts to restore native vegetation and eradicate invasive species are ongoing".