Juan de la Cierva y Peñafiel ((1864-03-11)March 11, 1864 - (1938-01-11)January 11, 1938) was a Spanish politician and lawyer, who served during the reign of Alfonso XIII as Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts, of the Interior, of War, and of Finance and Development, and in the last government of the monarchy as Minister of Development.

He graduated in law from the University of Madrid, beginning his political career with the Spanish Partido Liberal-Conservador (English: "Liberal-Conservative Party") as a councillor in 1895, and became the Mayor of Murcia and provincial leader of the Conservatives.

In 1896, he was given writ to stand as a deputy congressman for the region of his birth, but failed to be elected.

Because there was no medicine there, and such a deprivation of provisions, he contracted tuberculosis and suffered severe conditions, dying on 11 January 1938.

Cierva's political hegemony was strained by the class struggle and the establishment of the Spanish Second Republic.