His father remained in Madrid and lost his printing press when his publishing headquarters were destroyed during a bombing raid.

[4] After the war, he returned to Madrid to complete his studies receiving a PhD (summa cum laude) in Ancient History.

He worked as an assistant in the Ancient History and Dialectology departments until he became Director of the Museo del Pueblo Español (1942–1953).

In 1947, Baroja was elected corresponding member of the Royal Academy of the Basque Language and the Real Academia de las Buenas Letras of Barcelona.

In 1961, he was Director of Studies of Social and Economic History at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes in Paris.

Julio Caro Baroja schools located in Fuenlabrada, near Madrid; Getxo, Bilbao; Málaga, Andalusia and Pamplona, Navarre, are tributes to his many accomplishments and contributions to the fields of anthropology and history.