He was born at Brieg (now Brzeg, Poland) and studied at Breslau, Göttingen and Berlin – first law, which he later abandoned for theology.
A disciple of Neander and friend of Richard Rothe, Müller bitterly opposed the philosophy of G. W. F. Hegel and the criticism of F. C. Baur.
His book, Über den Gegensatz des Protestantismus und das Catholicismus (On the Opposition of Protestantism and Catholicism, 1833), called forth a reply from Baur, and he was one of those who attacked David Strauss's Life of Jesus.
[2] His chief work, however, was Die christliche Lehre der Sünde (The Christian Teaching of Sin, 2 volumes, 1839; 5th edition, 1867; English translation from 5th edition), in which he went so far as "to revive the ancient Gnostic theory of the fall of man before all time, a theory which found no favour amongst his theological friends.
"[3] Müller's other works include Dogmatische Abhandlungen (1870), and Das christliche Leben (3rd edition, 1847).