Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis called for the snap vote after the May 2023 elections did not result in any party gaining a majority, although his centre-right New Democracy made unanticipated gains and increased its share of the vote.

[7] On 25 May 2023, as required by Greece's constitution, President Katerina Sakellaropoulou appointed Ioannis Sarmas as caretaker prime minister until the formation of the next government following the elections.

Soon after returning to power in the 2019 parliamentary election, they passed a new electoral law to reinstate the bonus that had been eliminated by the SYRIZA-ANEL coalition government's 2016 law (which established a purely proportional system with a 3% electoral threshold), albeit under a very different formula.

[13] On 8 June 2023 the Supreme Court ruled that 26 political parties, 4 alliances and 2 independents had met the criteria to contest the election.

The newly created Spartans party won 4.7% of the vote, which allowed it to enter Parliament.

According to political analyst Nick Malkoutzis, "Mitsotakis has been rewarded by voters as the leader who has led Greece out of a severe debt crisis and three international bailouts back into a growth path.