It is not known exactly when Jungheungsa was established, but considering the artifacts found inside it, it appears to have been built during the Goryeo Dynasty.
Thus, the dating of these artifacts suggests that the temple was built sometime in the early 12th century at the least.
According to Bukhanji (Geographical Record of Bukhansanseong Fortress, 1745), Jungheungsa was a small temple measuring 30 kan (a unit of measurement referring to the distance between two columns), but it was later expanded to 136 kan in 1711 (the 37th year of the reign of King Sukjong), the year in which Bukhansanseong was completed.
The temple consisted of Daeungjeon Hall, Manseru Pavilion, Sansindang Shrine, and a stone monument bearing the inscription "Jungheungdongmun" (East Gate of Jungheungsa Temple).
The temple was destroyed by a flood in 1915, but Daeungjeon Hall and the dormitory were restored in 2012.