Patton was selected with the 16th overall pick in the 2017 NBA draft by the Chicago Bulls, but was traded to the Minnesota Timberwolves.

[10] On April 5, 2017, Patton relinquished his college eligibility by declaring for the NBA draft and signing with an agent.

[12] Patton was to participate in the 2017 NBA Summer League, however, he suffered an injury during the workout and underwent an immediate surgery to repair his broken left foot, and was sidelined indefinitely.

[14] On April 18, 2018, Patton underwent surgery on his left foot to encourage further healing of the injury he suffered the previous summer.

[16] On November 12, 2018, Patton was traded, along with Jimmy Butler, to the Philadelphia 76ers in exchange for Robert Covington, Dario Šarić, Jerryd Bayless, and a 2022 second-round draft pick.

[18] On January 14, 2020, while on assignment for the Oklahoma City Blue, Patton scored a G League-high 45 points to go with 13 rebounds, nine assists, and six blocks in a 149–140 win over the South Bay Lakers.

[19] On January 24, 2020, Patton was traded to the Dallas Mavericks in exchange for Isaiah Roby and cash considerations.

[22] Patton played seven games for the Herd before the season was ended early due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

[27] On January 11, 2021, Patton was selected ninth overall by the Westchester Knicks in the first 2021 NBA G League draft.

[28] On February 19, 2021, the Houston Rockets signed Patton to a two-way contract with the Rio Grande Valley Vipers.

[30] On August 26, 2021, Patton signed with Hapoel Eilat of the Israeli Basketball Premier League.

[38] On December 31, 2024, Patton signed with the Liaoning Flying Leopards of the Chinese Basketball Association.

[41] He is sometimes late to challenge shots at the basket, and sometimes needlessly swipes at the ball, which leads to foul trouble.